説明
Use comparative adverbs to compare how two actions happen. Short adverbs often add "-er": "fast" becomes "faster." Longer adverbs often use "more": "carefully" becomes "more carefully."
In "She runs faster than I do," "She" is the person, "runs" is the action, and "faster" compares the speed. "Than I do" shows the other person in the comparison. Japanese often uses "より" or "もっと," but English changes the adverb form itself.
動き方や様子を2つ比べるときに、比較の副詞を使います。短い副詞は "-er" を付けて、"fast" が "faster" になります。長い副詞は "more" を使い、"carefully" が "more carefully" になります。
たとえば "She runs faster than I do." では、"She" が主語、"runs" が動き、"faster" が速さの比較です。"than I do" は比べる相手を示します。日本語では「より」や「もっと」で表しますが、英語では副詞の形そのものを変えます。
例文
- She runs faster than I do. 彼女は私より速く走ります。
- Please speak more slowly than you did at the meeting. 会議の時よりもゆっくり話してください。
- He works harder than his brother. 彼は弟より一生懸命働きます。
- Do you study more carefully before a test or a quiz? テストや小テストの前には、より念入りに勉強しますか？
- My staff works harder when I'm here than they do when I am not here. 私がここにいる時の方が、いない時よりもスタッフは一生懸命働いてくれます。
- The bus arrives earlier on weekdays than it does on weekends. 平日のバスは週末よりも早く到着する。
よくある間違い
Japanese learners often say "more faster" or "more harder." Do not use two comparative forms together. Say "faster" or "harder" by itself. Also, do not drop "-ly" from adverbs like "carefully". Say "more carefully," not "more careful."
日本語話者は "more faster" や "more harder" と言ってしまいがちです。比較の形は1つだけ使います。"faster" や "harder" で十分です。また、"carefully" のような副詞は -ly を落とさず、"more careful" ではなく "more carefully" と言います。