Explanation
"Have to" shows obligation or necessity. It means that something is necessary, often because of rules, plans, or real life needs.
For example, in "I have to finish this report before lunch," "I" is the person who feels the obligation, "have to" means "it is necessary," "finish this report" is the action, and "before lunch" gives the time limit. In Japanese, this is often "〜しなければならない" or "〜する必要がある." Be careful: "don't have to" means "not necessary," not "not allowed."
"have to" は、義務や必要を表します。「〜しなければならない」「〜する必要がある」という意味です。
たとえば "I have to finish this report before lunch." では、"I" が義務を負う人、"have to" が「必要がある」という意味、"finish this report" がすること、"before lunch" が締め切りの時間です。日本語では「昼食までにこのレポートを終えなければならない」のように言います。注意点は、"don't have to" は「してはいけない」ではなく、「する必要がない」という意味だということです。
Examples
- I have to get up early. 私は早く起きなければなりません。
- She has to wear a uniform. 彼女は制服を着なければなりません。
- Do we have to pay now? 今、支払わなければなりませんか。
- You don't have to come if you're busy. 忙しければ、来なくてもいいです。
- He has to take the train every day. 彼は毎日電車に乗らなければなりません。
- I have to finish this report before lunch. 私は昼食までにこのレポートを終えなければなりません。
Common Mistakes
Japanese learners often leave out "to" after "have."
Wrong: "I have go to school."
Right: "I have to go to school."
Another common mistake is using "don't have to" to mean "must not."
Wrong: "You don't have to smoke here" if you mean prohibition.
Right: "You must not smoke here" for a ban, or "You don't have to smoke here" for no obligation.
日本語学習者は "have" のあとに "to" を落としやすいです。
誤り: "I have go to school."
正しくは: "I have to go to school."
もう一つのよくある間違いは、"don't have to" を「してはいけない」と思うことです。禁止なら "You must not smoke here."、義務がないだけなら "You don't have to smoke here." です。