Gerund versus Infinitive Meaning Changes

B2 Eiken Pre-1 Upper-intermediate

verb + -ing / to + verb

Explanation

Some verbs change meaning when you use "-ing" or "to + verb."

For example, "I stopped to buy milk." Here "stopped" is the main verb. "to buy milk" shows the reason for stopping. It means I paused my trip in order to buy milk. Compare that with "I stopped buying milk," which means I no longer buy milk. Japanese often uses one word like "やめる" for both ideas, so the English form must match the meaning.

Examples

  • I stopped to buy milk. 牛乳を買うために立ち寄った。
  • I stopped buying milk. 牛乳を買うのをやめた。
  • She remembered to lock the door. 彼女はドアに鍵をかけるのを忘れなかった。
  • She remembered locking the door. 彼女はドアに鍵をかけたことを覚えていた。
  • Did you try restarting the app? アプリを再起動してみた?
  • I tried to restart the app, but it still did not work. アプリを再起動しようとしたけど、まだ動かなかった。

Common Mistakes

Japanese learners often use the wrong form when the meaning changes.

Wrong: "I stopped to study English last year."

if you mean you quit studying English.

Right: "I stopped studying English last year."

"Stopped to study" means you paused in order to study, not that you quit. Another common mix-up is "I tried to restart the app" when you mean you tested that method; "I tried restarting the app" is the better choice for that meaning.

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